Cervical Cryocautery
What is a Cervical Ectropion (Ectopy)?
Bleeding after sex and excess vaginal discharge are usually caused by a process which affects the cervix. This is called an ectropion or ectopy. This is normal. The delicate cells that line the cervical canal spread onto the surface of the cervix and become exposed. The cervix appears red because the cells that line the cervical canal are thinner compared to the thicker cells that are on the outside of the cervix.
These delicate cells are more likely to bleed whilst having sex or whilst taking a smear test. The cells also produce mucus to lubricate the vagina. If these cells are exposed you may notice an increase in discharge. Cervical ectropion is related to the hormone oestrogen. It is common in young women and those taking the oral combined contraceptive pill.
What tests do I need before treatment?
Before treatment it is important to rule out infection, inflammation and the possibility of abnormality. This may include swabs. A biopsy will be taken from your cervix. You must be up to date with your cervical screening tests which must be normal.
After investigations the ectropion may be treated if your symptoms are troublesome.
You may decide that you do not wish to be treated. If so then the delicate skin on your cervix will gradually change into the thicker skin. The length of time for this to happen is unpredictable. This means you may continue to have symptoms but be reassured that you will come to no harm. It is important that you attend for your cervical sample when asked.
What is Cryocautery?
Cryocautery involves temporarily freezing the cervix with a metal probe for 1 – 2 minutes.
What are the benefits of cryocautery?
Freezing this area on the cervix helps the growth of the tougher, thicker tissue. This tougher tissue is less likely to bleed during sex or produce excessive vaginal discharge. It is a quick simple treatment method and it will not affect your future fertility.
Can there be any complications or risks?
The complication rate of this procedure is very low. The main risks are
- Infection: A small number of people will get an infection. Symptoms include painful cramps, high temperature and / or smelly discharge.
- Cervical stenosis: There is a small risk that the cervix will become narrow due to scarring. This can lead to increasing painful periods, difficulty conceiving or the cervix not opening well during labour.
- Treatment failure: For some people treated with cryotherapy, it may offer part relief or the positive effects can be temporary.
What happens during the procedure?
A speculum will be put into the vagina so that the cervix can be clearly seen. A cold metal probe will be put onto the cervix for 1- 2 minutes. The procedure may cause period type pains and these may last for the rest of the day. Approximately 1 in 3 women report having some pain after this type of treatment. Having pain seems to be more likely in women who have not had any children. Simple pain relief medicine like Paracetamol or Ibuprofen usually help. It is recommended you take them before your appointment. You are welcome to bring your partner or a friend with you.
What if I am pregnant?
It will not be possible to carry out cryocautery to your cervix if you are pregnant. Please contact 01228814220 to cancel your appointment
What happens after?
You will be able to go home 15 minutes after the treatment if you feel able. You can drive a car or take public transport.
It is normal to have a heavy watery discharge for the first few days. This watery discharge may last for up to 4 weeks. It may change from pink to brownish in colour. The discharge should not be yellow or foul smelling. If this happens you must see your doctor who can prescribe you antibiotics.
In order to reduce the risk of infection during the first 4 weeks you must:
- Use sanitary towels and not tampons
- Avoid sexual intercourse
- Avoid swimming
- Avoid vaginal creams
You must contact your GP or the Gynaecology Department on tel: 0122881426 if you have any of the following:
- A smelly discharge
- Fever or high temperature
- Heavy vaginal bleeding
- Severe abdominal pain
Useful contacts
Colposcopy secretaries
Cumberland Infirmary - Tel: 01228 814220
Nurse specialists - 07500857533 or 01946 523218
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